Stain removal involves using solvents, chemicals, or absorptive action to remove discolorations. Most stains are removable from fabrics if the stains are treated while fresh.
General instructions are as follows: Test the cleaner on an inside seam, since chemicals react differently with various dyes and fibers. Work from the inner side of the garment to avoid scuffing the surface and to avoid forcing the stain through the fabric. Use a minimum of cleaner to avoid spreading the stain. Finally, use an absorbent pad under the stain.
In removing oils use a powder absorbent, such as chalk or talcum powder, or a solvent such as carbon tetrachloride. Vegetable dye stains (fruit juices, mustard, and so forth) need thorough washing in a synthetic detergent (not a soap), followed, if necessary, by soaking in a liquid detergent plus a few drops of vinegar. Protein-containing spots (as eggs, meat juices, and blood) are washed with lukewarm water and a solvent alternately and are then, if necessary, given an application of a digesting enzyme, such as pepsin.
The general rules for all kinds and degrees of stains include the following:
1. Act promptly before the stain sets.
2. Know the fabric's characteristics.
3. Use only the proper remover.
4. Use only the proper method.
Here follows a list of some of the most common stains and the best treatments for getting these stains out of washable fabrics.
Blood - Soak in cold water; wash in hot suds.
Chewing Gum - Freeze with ice, scrape off; soak with carbon tetrachloride or kerosene.
Chocolate - Wash in hot suds; follow with chloride bleach.
Coffee, Black - Sponge with cold water; wash in hot suds.
Cola - Sponge with cold water; wash in hot suds.
Egg - Sponge with cold water
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